Authors’ Ethical Obligations

1. The author bears full responsibility for the content of the article and the very fact of its publication. It is unacceptable to present plagiarised work as original or to submit for publication an article that has already been published. In cases where plagiarism is detected, the authors of the submitted materials shall be held responsible. The authors’ formulation of the main theses and conclusions must be clear and unambiguous, without falsification of data or improper manipulation thereof.

2. The author is responsible for the accuracy of the information in the article, the correctness of titles, statistical data, names, and quotations, as well as for obtaining permission to disclose personal or confidential data in the research, including restricted information (classified or official).

3. The author must cite publications that have had a significant influence on the development of the research topic, as well as those that can quickly familiarise the reader with earlier works important for understanding this study.

4. Authors must clearly indicate the sources of all cited or presented information, refer to the actual versions of regulatory acts used, taking into account their variability, and must properly format references to the sources used in accordance with the Requirements for the Formatting of Articles.

5. Co-authors of a publication should be all those who have made a significant scientific contribution to the work and share responsibility for the results obtained. Other contributions should be acknowledged in the notes or in the text in the form of acknowledgements. The author must inform the editorial board of any potential conflict of interest which, in their opinion, could influence the publication of the submitted manuscript.

6. The author of the publication is obliged to respond appropriately to information presented in a complaint regarding their publication, or to provide a reasoned refusal to do so.