“Pravova derzhava”. Issue 35 (2024), pages 618–626.

DOI: 10.33663/0869-2491-2024-35-618-626

Landina Anna
Features of certain types of violent criminal offenses under martial law

Combating violent crimes, including by means of criminal law, has always been, is and will be one of the most urgent areas of activity of criminal justice bodies and tasks of criminal policy of Ukraine as a whole. It is of particular importance to solve the urgent problems of criminal liability for the specifi ed criminally punishable acts in the modern conditions of a full-scale war in Ukraine, when violent crimes are committed with particular cruelty, and many of them are committed by military personnel, including those of the aggressor state. The purpose of this study was a determination based on offi cial statistical sources and other sources of criminological information of the main trends of some types criminal off enses in Ukraine under martial law. Violent crimes are a heterogeneous phenomenon that consists of crimes of various types. This study analyzed the quantitative indicators of the most widespread and socially dangerous violent crimes under martial law: criminal off enses against life and health, in particular intentional murder, violent crimes with the use of fi rearms, domestic violence, crimes against the foundations of national security, violent military crimes, criminal off enses against the peace and security of mankind, in particular violations of the laws and customs of war, crimes against sexual freedom and integrity. The article formulated the author’s defi nition of violent crimes as intentional, socially dangerous, criminally punishable acts, in the course of which the guilty person uses or threatens to use physical, mental, sexual or economic violence through action or inaction against the will of the victim. The analysis of quantitative and qualitative changes in the structure of violent crime under the conditions of martial law in Ukraine allows us to state that against the background of a decrease in the general level of crime in Ukraine, its dynamics are generally negative. This is caused precisely by military actions and martial law, which infl uenced a signifi cant increase in military personnel, an increase in the number of weapons in the hands of the population (including illegal ones), violent crime by the occupiers, etc. One of the main directions of the criminal law policy in the conditions of martial law should be the development of an eff ective mechanism for combating violent crimes with the aim of stabilizing the dynamics of these crimes, and in the future, reducing their level. Also, statistical data on violent crimes committed on the territory of Ukraine (ideally - by region) for a certain period should be compiled into one information base. The proposed measure will facilitate the study of the dynamics of these crimes and contribute to countering these socially dangerous manifestations.

Key words: violent crimes, criminal off ense, martial law, war, physical and mental violence, sexual violence, crime dynamics, statistical data, public danger, human rights, public relations.

References

1. Orlov Yu. V. Zlochynnist i protydiia yii v umovakh viiny: kryminalno-pravovyi ta kryminolohichnyi vymiry: monohrafi ia; Kryminol. asots. Ukrainy. Kharkiv: Pravo, 2023. 252 s. URL: https://dspace.univd.edu.ua/server/api/core/bitstreams/0574ad96-4bdd-4d82- a006-5684cc4b0442/content
2. Shum S. S. Stan nasylnytskoi zlochynnosti v Ukraini. Pravo ta derzhavne upravlinnia. 2021. № 1. URL: DOI https://doi.org/10.32840/pdu.2021.1.18
3. Humin O., Yakimova S. Zmist poniattia nasylnytskoi zlochynnosti. Pidpryiemnytstvo, hospodarstvo i pravo. 2018. № 9. URL: http://pgp-journal.kiev.ua/archive/2018/9/46.pdf
4. Humin O. M. Kryminolohichna kharakterystyka nasylstva u simi shchodo nepovnolitnikh. 2016. URL: https://science.lpnu.ua/sites/default/files/journal-paper/2017/aug/5774/ vnulpurn201685074.pdf 
5. Kondratishyna V. V. Zahalnokryminalna nasylnytska zlochynnist: poniattia ta kharakterystyka systemoutvoriuiuchykh oznak. Yurydychnyi naukovyi elektronnyi zhurnal. 2023. № 8. URL: DOI https://doi.org/10.32782/2524-0374/2023-8/82
6. Pashchenko Ye. M. Shchodo poniattia ta oznak nasylnytskykh zlochyniv viiskovosluzhbovtsiv. Kryminalno-pravovi ta kryminolohichni zasoby protydii zlochynam proty hromadskoi bezpeky ta publichnoho poriadku. Kharkiv, 2019. URL: https://univd.edu. ua/general/publishing/konf/18_04_2019/pdf/74.pdf
7. Lamb K. Rozsliduvannia voiennykh zlochyniv: Seksualne nasylstvo, poviazane z konfl iktom. 2023. URL: https://gijn.org/ua/ resurs-ua/rozsliduvanna-voennih-zlociniv-seksualne-nasilstvo-povazane-z-konfliktom/
8. Riven zlochynnosti v Ukraini znyzyvsia, ale vynykla insha problema — hlava MVS. 28 veresnia 2023 roku. URL: https://www.slovoidilo.ua/2023/09/28/novyna/suspilstvo/rivenzlochynnosti-ukrayini-znyzyvsya-vynykla-insha-problema-hlava-mvs
9. Prokuratura Ukrainy. Ofi s Heneralnoho prokurora: Vidpovid na zapyt Polotovoi A. S. vid 5.09.2023 shchodo nadannia informatsii pro kkilkist zareiestrovanykh kryminalnykh pravoporushen, peredbachenykh stattiamy 121, 1261, 149, 152–1561, 301–303, 438 Kryminalnoho kodeksu Ukrainy u rozrizi oblastei Ukrainy za period z sichnia 2011 roku po serpen 2023 roku. URL: https://dostup.pravda.com.ua/request/116893/response/385440/attach/3/05.pdf?cookie_ passthrough=1
10. Sudova statystyka. URL: https://court.gov.ua/inshe/sudova_statystyka/