“Pravova derzhava”. Issue 35 (2024), pages 657–666.

DOI: 10.33663/0869-2491-2024-35-657-666

Kvasha Roman, Feshchenko Oleh
Physical and mental violence as the main types of criminal violence

The article states that there is no clear diff erentiation of types of violence either in domestic legislation or in criminal law science. The following are defi ned as objective and subjective signs of violence: illegal behavior that manifests itself in the external environment and is expressed in specifi c conscious acts of human activity; targeting another person's body; the presence of a specifi c addressee (the victim — in the case of direct violence, or his relatives — in the case of indirect violence); can take place both against and against the will of another person (victim); the intentional character of the person's behavior; the ability to infl uence the unconscious and cause physical, moral, property damage to another person; the presence of a goal to cause harm to another person of a certain nature. The dominant position is the division of violence into physical and mental. An objection was expressed against the existence of formulas: «violence = physical violence», «threat = mental violence» (this is exactly the vision of the developers of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine). This approach, in contrast to the generally accepted division of violence into physical and mental, determines the thesis that violence exists exclusively in the form of physical harm to the victim, and reduces another type of violence, mental, to a threat. Whereas mental violence in the current Criminal Code of Ukraine manifests itself not only through threats, but also coercion, coercion, infl uence, terrorizing, etc. The thesis that physical violence can manifest itself not in active actions, but in the form of inaction, has been criticized. However, even examples simulated by scientists refute this approach. It is supported by the idea that murder is also a manifestation of violence, since it is committed in a violent way, at the same time, violence does not include the destruction and damage of someone else's property. Although physical violence is traditionally considered the most dangerous, in some cases mental violence can cause irreparable damage to a person's health. Signs of mental violence as a deliberate, criminally illegal and socially dangerous act are also the active nature of the behavior (as in the case of physical violence), the infl uence on the psyche of another person against their will, as a result of which harm is caused to the health or life of a person.

Key words: violence, aggression, physical violence, mental violence, psychological violence, types of violence, threat, harm, murder, destruction of property, action, inaction, infl uence, intimidation.

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