“Pravova derzhava”. Issue 35 (2024), pages 782–792.
DOI: 10.33663/0869-2491-2024-35-782-792
Terletsky Roman
Implementation issues of the right to alternative military service during times of war and mobilization
Abstract: This article investigates the issue of exercising the right to alternative military service in Ukraine during a state of war and mobilization. It has been emphasized that after Ukraine declared its independence, laws on religious freedom, as a subjective legal right, and religious organizations, as instruments and systems for meeting religious needs, have occupied a signifi cant place. The main laws, subordinate acts, and decrees ensuring the right to religious freedom in Ukraine have also been analyzed, including the Law of Ukraine No. 1975-XII of December 12, 1991, «On Alternative (Non-Military) Service.» An analysis of the eff ectiveness of the Law of Ukraine No. 1975-XII of December 12, 1991, «On Alternative (Non-Military) Service,» and the mechanisms for its implementation in practice by executive authorities during a particular period in the state's history has been conducted. It has been noted that in Ukraine, two international legal documents are in eff ect, according to which the State of Ukraine guarantees its citizens the right to freedom of conscience and religion: the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. It is observed that relying on the provisions of these documents, Ukraine is obligated to ensure the right to alternative military service, regardless of any internal legal regime. The verdicts of the courts in cases of charges related to the commission of a crime under Article 336 of the Ukrainian Criminal Code, specifi cally, evading conscription during mobilization due to religious beliefs, have been analyzed. The emphasis has been placed on the fact that, in the absence of clear legal provisions, Ukraine experiences the application of precedent law. It has been observed that to prevent the escalation of religious hostility during times of military confl ict and to avoid unwanted legal actions, it is necessary to ensure international standards for the protection of human rights, including freedom of conscience and religion, in the sphere of military duty. To achieve this, amendments should be made to the Law of Ukraine «On Alternative (Non-Military) Service» to defi ne the procedure for directing citizens to alternative service during mobilization and the conscription of Ukrainian citizens for compulsory military service during a special period.
Key words: religion, freedom of religion, freedom of conscience, special period, state of war, mobilization, principles of equality, religious organizations, international legal documents, alternative military service, judicial precedent, law eff ectiveness.
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