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  5. Comparative analysis of the resolution and prevention of judicial error in different legal systems

“Pravova derzhava”. Issue 35 (2024), pages 801–812.

DOI: 10.33663/0869-2491-2024-35-801-812

Dydikov Andriy
Comparative analysis of the resolution and prevention of judicial error in different legal systems

This article analyses the experience of countries belonging to diff erent legal systems in resolving and preventing miscarriages of justice. The aim of the study is to determine whether the methods and ways of preventing and overcoming miscarriages of justice in countries belonging to a particular legal family can be applied to Ukrainian justice. The author determines that no special study of the issue of miscarriage of justice in diff erent legal systems has been carried out in the national science, and therefore there is a need to study this issue. In order to characterise miscarriages of justice in diff erent countries, the author reveals the specifi c features of four legal families: Romano-Germanic, Anglo-Saxon, religious and traditional. Based on the results of the analysis, the author concludes that not all foreign experience of resolving and preventing judicial errors can be implemented into Ukrainian legislation. In particular, this is due to the specifi cs of legal understanding inherent in a particular legal family, as well as the level of legal awareness of the population. Given the conclusions reached by the author in the article, an eff ective way to overcome miscarriages of justice is pre-trial and judicial dispute resolution with the involvement of a mediator, which is actively used in religious and traditional countries. In his opinion, the institute of reconciliation should be actively introduced into national legislation. In addition, the article emphasises that enshrining the principle of consistency of case law of higher courts at the legislative level, based on the Anglo-Saxon «stare decisis», may reduce the quantitative indicator of miscarriages of justice in Ukraine. The author also justifi es that, in order to avoid judicial errors by national courts, there is a need to introduce a court for minor cases, similar to Israel, as well as to introduce the positions of temporary military judges, following the example of common law countries.

Key words: miscarriage of justice, legal family, judicial enforcement, source of law, understanding of law.

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