“Pravova derzhava”. Issue 35 (2024), pages 813–821.
DOI: 10.33663/0869-2491-2024-35-813-821
Babiy Roman
Functions of business ombudsmen in foreign countries
The article examines the current constitutional and legal problems of the formation and implementation of business ombudsmen’s activities in the context of foreign experience. The functional role and importance of business-ombudsmen in the mechanism of protection of the right to engage in entrepreneurial activity are shown. World experience shows that the activities of the business-ombudsman are quite broad and aff ect various aspects of business. The basic principles that underlie the functional separation, independence and organizational diversity of business-ombudsmen are revealed. The functions of business ombudsmen as the main directions and types of its regulatory and organizational human rights protection activities are ways of its active infl uence on public relations in the business sphere. They reveal the qualitative characteristics of this institute, its social essence and purpose, determine its place and role in ensuring the realization and protection of human rights in the sphere of economy, fi rst of all, the right to entrepreneurial activity. The main features of the functions of the business ombudsman are that they are aimed at achieving and implementing the main goal of this institute, reveal its social purpose, determine the methods and features of the organization of various types and types of business ombudsmen and the forms and methods of their activity and response. World experience shows that the main functions of the business ombudsman are the following: to support small business and family entrepreneurship in accordance with the law, policy and practice (advocacy function); provide assistance regarding appropriate actions (assistance function); perform any other functions assigned to the ombudsman by law or legislative instruments, for example, information and clarifi cation. A comparative analysis of the features of the legal regulation of the main aspects of the legal status of business ombudsmen included in the system of public authorities in individual countries of the world shows the formation of diff erent models and approaches to determining the legal nature and elements of the legal status of these specialized ombudsmen and, accordingly, the content and system their functions.
Key words: ombudsman, business-ombudsman, functions of business-ombudsman, human rights, entrepreneurship, business, control, rule of law, democracy.
References
Savchyn, M., red. (2020) Pravove rehuliuvannia ta ekonomichni svobody i prava: monohrafi ia. Uzhhorod: Vydavnytstvo «RIK-U» [ukr.].
Banakh, S. V. (2014) Funktsii ombudsmaniv u suchasnomu sviti: porivnialno-pravove doslidzhennia: avtoref. dys. … kand. yuryd. nauk: spets. 12.00.02. Mariupol [ukr.].
Ohliad inozemnoho dosvidu zakonodavchoho rehuliuvannia instytutu biznes-ombudsmena, osoblyvosti statusu biznesombudsmena, yoho prava ta harantii diialnosti. Yevropeiskyi informatsiino-doslidnytskyi tsentr. URL: http://euinfocenter.rada.gov.ua/uploads/documents/28918.pdf [ukr.].
Holiak, L. V. (2010) Instytut spetsializovanoho ombudsmana shchodo zakhystu prav spozhyvachiv: dosvid Avstralii ta Novoi Zelandii. Visnyk Zaporizkoho Natsionalnoho universytetu. Yurydychni nauky. № 4 [ukr.].
Ustawa z dnia 6 marca 2018 r. o Rzeczniku Małych i Średnich Przedsiębiorców URL: https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails. xsp?id=WDU20180000648 [pl.].
Zacharko, Lidia & Zacharko, Adrian (2018) Rzecznik małych i średnich przedsiębiorców — jako pozasądowy organ ochrony praw przedsiębiorców. Eunomia. Nr. 2. [pl.].
Rzecznik Małych i Średnich Przedsiębiorców z większymi uprawnieniami. URL: https://inforfk.pl/aktualnosci/7833881,Rzecznik-Malych-i-SrednichPrzedsiebiorcow-z-wiekszymi-uprawnieniami.html [pl.].
Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996104th Congress (1995–1996) URL: https://www. congress.gov/bill/104th-congress/senate-bill/942.
Chistjakova, I. I. & Krivdina, I. B. (2017) Institut biznes-ombudsmena v Ukraine i mire: istoriko-pravovoj aspekt. Іntelіgencіja і vlada. Vip. 37 [rus.].
Predprinimatel’skij kodeks Respubliki Kazahstan Kodeks Respubliki Kazahstan ot 29 oktjabrja 2015 goda # 375-V ZRK. URL: http://adilet.zan.kz/ rus/docs/K1500000375 [rus.].
Upolnomochennyj po zashhite prav predprinimatelej. Istorija instituta. URL: https://ombudsmanbiz.kz/rus/biznes_ombudsmen/istoriya_instituta/ [rus.].