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  5. Recognition of the Invalidity of a Legal Act as a Way of Protecting Rights: Theoretical and Legal Characteristics

“Pravova derzhava”. Issue 36 (2025), pages 147–156.

DOI: 10.33663/0869-2491-2025-36-147-156

Okuniev Igor
Recognition of the Invalidity of a Legal Act as a Way of Protecting Rights: Theoretical and Legal Characteristics

One way to protect the rights of participants in various legal relations is to invalidate a legal act that has a long history. However, not all issues of protecting rights by invalidating a legal act are resolved in science and practice. The legal nature of invalidation of a legal act as a way to protect the rights of participants in legal relations from the standpoint of the theory of law is not sufficiently studied in the doctrine of law. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to disclose the general theoretical and legal characteristics of invalidation of a legal act as a way to protect the rights of participants in legal relations. Recognition of a legal act as invalid as a way of protecting rights and interests is applied in cases where it is necessary to restore the situation that existed before the adoption (commission, conclusion, etc.) of this act, which was adopted in violation of the conditions necessary for its validity (validity). Its application is regulated by the norms of various branches of legislation. The purpose of applying to the court with such a claim may be related to the application of the consequences of the invalidity of a legal act, compensation for damage or moral damage in cases where its compensation is provided for by law. The use of such a method as invalidating a legal act depends both on the content of the right or interest for the protection of which the person has applied, and on the nature of its violation, non-recognition or challenge. Invalidation of a legal act is an independent way to protect the rights of individuals and legal entities, the state. This method can be applied separately, or in combination with other methods of protection, both in private and public legal relations, in a jurisdictional manner. The grounds for using this method are non-compliance with the requirements of the law at the time of the legal act and, as a rule, the fact of violation of the applicant’s rights. Applying, for example, to the court with the requirement to invalidate a legal act, the plaintiff must prove the existence of factual circumstances with which the law connects the recognition of such a legal act as invalid at the time of its commission and the onset of the corresponding consequences.

Key words: invalidity; legal act; protection of rights; methods of protection.

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