“Pravova derzhava”. Issue 36 (2025), pages 186–194.

DOI: 10.33663/0869-2491-2025-36-186-194

Kleschenko Natalia
Classification of forms of realization of law: essential and meaningful dimensions

Introduction. Given the need to ensure justice and law and order in society, issues related to the implementation of law are always relevant, because it allows to ensure the rule of law, protect the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens, support democratic processes in the state and strengthen international relations. Currently, the relevance of the implementation of law and its forms is due to war, because it is a guarantee of protecting sovereignty, citizens' rights and restoring justice. Another reason for the actualization of the outlined issues lies in the field of reforming various social spheres associated with the renewal and change of legislation in connection with European integration processes. And for the completeness of research in these areas, it is necessary to carry out a scientific search in various areas of the implementation of law, including the classification of its forms.
The aim of the article. The purpose of the article is to characterize the classification series of norms for the implementation of law at the current stage of development.
Results. Lawful behavior is the main way to implement legal norms in society, which involves compliance with established legal regulations by subjects of law in accordance with the requirements of the law. The implementation of legal norms may consist in the performance of one or more specific acts or actions, may have a systematic (periodic payment of taxes by an entrepreneur) or a one-time manifestation (appeal to the court).
In the scientific literature, the implementation of legal norms is considered as the implementation of the prescriptions of legal norms in the activities of subjects of law.
To implement regulatory prescriptions means to implement through lawful activity the will of the legislator aimed at ensuring law and order in society. In one case, these are active positive actions of subjects, for example, the use of a right or the fulfillment of a duty, in another — this is inaction, that is, deterrence from committing illegal actions.
In the general theory of state and law, there are various classifications of forms of law implementation. The most common is the division of forms of law implementation by the nature of the actions of law-enforcing subjects. On this basis, the following forms of implementation are distinguished: compliance (the subject does not commit actions prohibited by the provisions of law); execution (the subject performs actions to which he is obliged by the provisions of the law); use (the subject, in accordance with his interests and needs, uses the rights granted to him in accordance with the provisions of the law); application (the activities of state bodies or officials aimed at implementing the norms of law in order to resolve a specific case by issuing individual legal regulations.
The next classification criterion is by subject composition, according to which individual (consists in the ability of a person to independently use his subjective rights and fulfill the legal obligations imposed on him) and collective forms of implementation (requires the combination of efforts of several subjects) are distinguished. Forms of implementation of the norms of law are distinguished depending on the degree of activity and are distinguished: 1) active — when the subject of law performs active actions; 2) passive — when the subject of law refrains from performing certain actions for which legal liability is established. The next criterion is depending on participation in legal relations, according to which: 1) implementation of the right outside legal relations; 2) in legal relations.
Depending on the order of implementation, there are: 1) voluntary — the subject of law independently and voluntarily implements the norms that grant him permissions, impose obligations and prohibitions on him; 2) compulsory — the subject of law carries out the obligations imposed on him in a compulsory manner.
Conclusions. The implementation of law is a key element of the functioning of the legal system, since it is through it that the law acquires a real impact on social relations. To implement regulatory provisions means to implement the will of the legislator aimed at ensuring law and order in society through lawful activity. The diversity of the classification series allows for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of legal regulation and their impact on social relations, as well as to create more effective legal norms taking into account their practical effect. Thus, it is not only theoretically possible to comprehend the mechanisms of legal influence, but also to increase the effectiveness of law enforcement in practice, which will contribute to the development of a rule of law and the stable development of society.

Key words: law implementation, forms of law implementation, compliance with law, execution of law, use of law, application of law.

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