Укр Eng
+380 (44) 278-58-91
Pravova derzhava. <span>Scientific articles yearbook</span>
  1. Home
  2.  ⇒ 
  3. “Pravova derzhava”. Issue 36 (2025)
  4.  ⇒ 
  5. Environmental, climate and food security in modern ukrainian law: methodological and theoretical aspects

“Pravova derzhava”. Issue 36 (2025), pages 383–397.

DOI: 10.33663/0869-2491-2025-36-383-397

Kulynych Pavlo
Environmental, climate and food security in modern ukrainian law: methodological and theoretical aspects

The methodological significance of the legal categories «ecological security», «climate security» and «food security» in the modern reality of Ukraine are examined in the article. Their content, correlation, functions and place in the system of branches of the legal system of Ukraine are analyzed. The conclusion is argued that environmental security is a dual legal concept that encompasses both the state of legal protection of the environment and the state of protection of the environmental rights of citizens. The leading branch of law that determines the content of environmental security and ensures its implementation is the environmental law of Ukraine. At the same time, environmental law by itself cannot ensure environmental security in full. To achieve this goal, legal mechanisms of other branches of law are used. They include, in particular, land, water, forest, mining, administrative, civil, criminal, tax and some other branches of the legal system of Ukraine. Due to the deterioration of the climate and the aggravation of the climate problem, the role of law as a means of preserving a climate environment favorable for the life of society is increasing. Therefore, the purpose of the law should also be to ensure climate security. The strategy of legal provision of climate security in such a sphere as agriculture includes two main areas.
The first of them is to counteract the deterioration of climate change, in particular, to prevent an increase in air temperature, and the second one is to adapt agriculture to intensive climate change, since the onset of far from all climate change can be prevented. Reducing the notion of climate security only to the state of legal protection of ecosystems does not include that aspect of climate policy that involves adaptation to such changes. Therefore, we believe that under climate security it is appropriate to understand the state of legal protection of ecosystems from the onset of climate disasters and the state of adaptation of society to new climate realities, which is stimulated and enshrined by legal norms.
In terms of their methodological significance, the categories of «ecological safety» and «climate safety» are key categories of the environmental and climate legislation of Ukraine and their basic principles, respectively. They also define in a concentrated, most general form the subjects of regulation of these branches of legislation and are the basis for involving legal mechanisms of other branches of law and legislation (civil, criminal and so on) to ensure the environmental and climate security of Ukraine.
Along with the categories of «ecological security» and «climate security», it is advisable to consider the essence and content of the category of «food security». After all, by its very nature, modern agricultural production, despite its industrialization and modern technologies, continues to be a form of nature consumption, where not only land, water, flora and fauna and other natural resources are used very intensively, but also the climatic factor. By food security, we propose to understand the state of legal protection of human vital interests, which is expressed in the creation by the state of legal and socio-economic conditions for the production of food products and/or its import in quantities and assortment sufficient to meet the needs of the population in food products of proper quality, as well as in the state guaranteeing unhindered economic access of a person to food products in order to maintain his usual life activities.
The conclusion is substantiated that food security is ensured by the entire set or, at least, most of the norms of agrarian law. Therefore, analyzing food security in the context of the norms of agrarian law, it is advisable to consider it not as a separate institution (part) of agrarian law, but as a principle of legal regulation of agrarian relations and as the main goal, the implementation and achievement of which is ensured by practically all norms of agrarian law of Ukraine.
However, the legal provision of food security in Ukraine is a function not only of agrarian law, but of the entire legal system of the state, where each branch of law plays its own supporting role. It is obvious that each branch of the country's legal system has its own level of influence on the regulation of food security relations. At the same time, some branches of law are basic, system-forming for food security as a legal category, which directly defines its content, while other branches of law are auxiliary - those that enhance the legal influence of the main branches of law on food security relations. The main branches of law for ensuring food security include agrarian, land and, in part, some other natural resource branches of law (for example, water law), and all other branches of law, in particular, civil, administrative, criminal, tax, etc., are auxiliary.
The proposal is substantiated regarding the need to improve the legal provision of food security by developing and adopting the Law of Ukraine “On the Basic Principles (Goals, Criteria and Principles, Directions of Provision) of Food Security of Ukraine”.
It should perform the function of a kind of framework law that defines the goal, criteria, principles and directions of legal provision of food security of Ukraine, and subordinates to such goal, criteria, principles and directions the regulatory effect of all legislative acts of various branches, the norms of which regulate relations regarding provision of food security of Ukraine.
It is proved that the mentioned legal categories denote the vector of movement of human activity and the social relations conditioned by it in the system “safety zonedanger zone” in the sphere of nature consumption. It is emphasized that the law should counteract the presence of social relations in the “danger zone”, since their presence in this zone is accompanied by a violation of the relevant rights and legitimate interests of citizens-participants of such relations.
The legal categories of «ecological security», «climate security» and «food security» are also implemented in public life through lawmaking and law enforcement and become an integral part of the legal life of the country. The term «legal life» is closely related to the term «legal security», which acts as an important criterion of the state of the legal life of the country. Therefore, the legal categories of «ecological security», «climate security» and «food securit» are considered as components of the general category of «legal security», which characterize the state of legal security in environmental, climatic and agrarian relations that arise and are implemented in Ukraine.
Key words: nature consumption, environmental security, environmental law, climate, climate security, climate protection legislation, agriculture, food security, law, legal security

References

  1. Pro okhoronu navkolyshnoho pryrodnoho seredovyshcha. Zakon Ukrainskoi RSR vid 25 chervnia 1991 r. № 1264. Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy. 1991. № 41. St. 546.
  2. Hetman A. P. Komentar do st. 16 Konstytutsii Ukrainy. Konstytutsiia Ukrainy: Naukovo-praktychnyi komentar / V. B. Averianov, O. V. Batanov, Yu. V. Baulin ta in.; red. kol. V. Ia. Tatsii, Yu. P. Bytiak, Yu. M. Hroshevoi ta in. Kharkiv: vydavnytstvo «Pravo»; Kyiv: Kontsern «Vydavnychyi Dim „In Yure”», 2003. S. 82–88.
  3. Andreitsev V. I. Pravo ekolohichnoi bezpeky: navch. ta nauk.-prakt. posib. Kyiv: Znannia-Pres, 2002. S. 37–38.
  4. Pron N. Klimatychna bezpeka: sutnist ta neobkhidnist finansovoho zabezpechennia. Ekonomichnyi chasopys Skhidnoievropeiskoho natsionalnoho universytetu imeni Lesi Ukrainky. 2018. № 1. 142–148. S. 143.
  5. Hetman A. P., Anisimova H. V. Klimatychni zakonodavstvo i pravovidnosyny: suchasnyi stan ta perspektyvy rozvytku v konteksti zabezpechennia natsionalnoi bezpeky. Problemy zakonnosti. 2023. Vyp. 162. S. 6–32. S. 23.
  6. Ibid. S. 25.
  7. Shevchenko O. Ekolohichna ta prodovolcha bezpeka yak skladovi zabezpechennia ekonomichnoi bezpeky Ukrainy u stratehichnomu formati. Naukovyi visnyk Uzhhorodskoho natsionalnoho universytetu. Seriia: Pravo. № 68 (2021). S. 110–117. S. 112.
  8. Pro derzhavnu pidtrymku silskoho hospodarstva Ukrainy. Zakon Ukrainy vid 24 chervnia 2004 roku № 1877-IV. Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy. 2004. № 49. St. 527.
  9. Prodovolcha bezpeka svitu pid zahrozoiu cherez nestachu dobryv. URL: https://kurkul.com/news/32522-prodovolcha-bezpeka-svitu-pid-zagrozoyu-cherez-nestachu-dobriv (data zvernennia: 21.02.2023).
  10. Lushpaiev S. O. Pravovi zasady prodovolchoi bezpeky Ukrainy. Avtoref. dys. na zdobuttia naukovoho stupenia kandydata yurydychnykh nauk. Spetsialnist 12.00.06. Kharkiv: Natsionalnyi yurydychnyi universytet imeni Yaroslava Mudroho, 2014. 19 s. S. 4.
  11. Chabanenko M. M. Systema ahrarnoho prava Ukrainy: metodolohichni zasady stanovlennia ta rozvytku: Avtoreferat dys. na zdobuttia naukovoho stupenia doktora yurydychnykh nauk. 12.00.06. Kharkiv, 2016. 43 s. S. 7.
  12. Kurman T. V. Pravo prodovolchoi bezpeky: Evoliutsiia ta perspektyvy rozvytku. Yurydychnyi naukovyi elektronnyi zhurnal. 2023. № 10. S. 263–265. S. 263.
  13. Kovalenko T. O. Poniattia, oznaky ta kryterii prodovolchoi bezpeky za zakonodavstvom Ukrainy ta inshykh derzhav. Administratyvne pravo i protses. 2018. № 1. S. 30–41. S. 34.
  14. Kurman T. V. Aktualni pytannia pravovoho zabezpechennia prodovolchoi bezpeky v umovakh ahroekotsydu. Analitychne-porivnialne pravoznavstvo / redkol.: Yu. M. Bysaha (holov. red.), V. V. Zaborovskyi, D. M. Bielov, S. B. Buletsa ta in.; DVNZ «UzhNU» — Uzhhorod, 2023. № 5. S. 293–297. S. 296. URL http://journal-app.uzhnu.edu.ua/article/view/290698/284314
  15. Rome Declaration of World Food Security. URL: http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/w3613e/w3613e00.HTM (data zvernennia: 29.01.2025).
  16. Aktualni problemy pravovoho zabezpechennia prodovolchoi bezpeky Ukrainy: monohrafiia / O. M. Batyhina, V. M. Zhushman, V. M. Korniienko ta in. / za red. V. Yu. Urkevycha ta M. V. Shulhy. Kharkiv: Nats. un-t «Iurydychna akademiia Ukrainy im. Ya. Mudroho», 2013. 326 s. C. 121.
  17. Kurman T. V. Pravo prodovolchoi bezpeky: Evoliutsiia ta perspektyvy rozvytku. Yurydychnyi naukovyi elektronnyi zhurnal. 2023. № 10. S. 263–265. S. 263.
  18. Kurman T. V. Pravo prodovolchoi bezpeky: Evoliutsiia ta perspektyvy rozvytku. Yurydychnyi naukovyi elektronnyi zhurnal. 2023. № 10. S. 263–265. S. 263.
  19. Hryhorieva Kh. A. Zakonodavstvo pro prodovolchu bezpeku: vybir shliakhu rozvytku na evoliutsiinomu perekhresti. Pravove zabezpechennia ekolohichnoi ta prodovolchoi bezpeky v umovakh zbroinykh konfliktiv ta klimatychnykh zmin: svitovyi dosvid ta Ukraina: Materialy Mizhnar. nauk.-prakt. konf., prysviachenoi 75 richnytsi Instytutu derzhavy i prava imeni V. M. Koretskoho NAN Ukrainy (m. Kyiv, 15 lystopada 2024 r.). Kyiv: Vydavnytstvo «Naukova Stolytsia», 2024. 250 s. S. 159.
  20. Velykyi entsyklopedychnyi yurydychnyi slovnyk / za red. akad. NAN Ukrainy Yu. S. Shemshuchenka. 2-he vyd., pererob. i dop. Kyiv: Vyd-vo «Iurydychna dumka», 2012. 1020 s. S. 366.
  21. Pravova bezpeka yak kryterii stanu pravovoho zhyttia: monohrafiia. Kyiv: Politiia, 2024. 408 s. S. 209
Back to contents