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  5. Propaganda VS Public appeals: conceptual aspects of the essence and content of criminal legal concepts

“Pravova derzhava”. Issue 36 (2025), pages 516–526.

DOI: 10.33663/0869-2491-2025-36-516-526

Zahynei-Zabolotenko Zoya
Propaganda VS Public appeals: conceptual aspects of the essence and content of criminal legal concepts

The article explores the problem of conceptual approaches to the definition of the essence and content of the concepts of «propaganda» and «public appeals». It is established that public appeals and propaganda in the Criminal Code of Ukraine are either alternative or independent acts, or propaganda is determined through public 526 ПРАВОВА ДЕРЖАВА  Випуск 36 appeals. The conceptual definition of the content and essence of the concepts of «public appeals» and «propaganda» is extremely important for the practice of rule-making and enforcement. In the first case, we are talking about the choice of a term that should be used to denote an act / acts, and in the second — about the assessment of the actions of the accused either as public appeals or as propaganda. The purpose of the article is to determine at the conceptual level the content and essence of propaganda and public appeals as acts in the composition of criminal offenses. It is stated that in the current Criminal Code of Ukraine there is no single vision of what should be understood as propaganda and public appeals, which negatively affects the practice of law enforcement during the qualification of relevant socially dangerous behavior. The legislator’s attention is drawn to the importance of the normative definition of the essence and content of the concepts of «public appeals» and «propaganda» in the understanding of the criminal legislation of Ukraine. An important aspect of further research in this direction is the development by scientists of signs of propaganda as a criminal legal concept, the definition of its differences from public appeals, as well as the decision on what actions consisting in unlawful influence (propaganda or public appeals) should be criminalized in specific articles of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. It is concluded that propaganda and public appeals are independent forms of socially dangerous acts, the content of which is different and cannot be determined through each other.
Key words: unlawful influence, propaganda, public appeals, criminal offense, terrorist act, ideology of terrorism, article of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, criminal liability, criminal legal qualification, harmonization of the legislation of Ukraine.

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