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  5. The concept of violence in the Criminal code of Ukraine: in the context of war and ratification of the Rome statute

“Pravova derzhava”. Issue 36 (2025), pages 604–613.

DOI: 10.33663/0869-2491-2025-36-604-613

Kvasha Roman
The concept of violence in the Criminal code of Ukraine: in the context of war and ratification of the Rome statute

Introduction. Violence accompanies the development of humanity at all its stages. There can be no question of eradicating violence, just as there can be no question of eliminating crime in any state. Violence is that negative factor in the existence of society that cannot be eradicated. Violence, the concept of which has been repeatedly mentioned in the norms of criminal law, is also manifested in other criminally unlawful actions - this is coercion, threat, aggression, war, etc. The problem of the correlation of these concepts requires a scientific solution taking into account the provisions of criminal national and international law.

The aim of the article: a description of the specifics of criminally punishable violence in the context of Russian military aggression and the ratification by Ukraine of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. 

Results and conclusions. Changes have been made to the Criminal Code of Ukraine in connection with the ratification of the Rome Statute, which fixes the terms that describe manifestations of criminally punishable violence. Thus, the ongoing war on the territory of Ukraine determined the appearance in the Criminal Code of Ukraine of such novelties as apartheid, extermination, physical destruction, deportation of the population, forced sterilization, which are specific types of violent behavior in their nature. An important problem is also the ratio of violence to aggression. The discussion led to two main approaches. The first is “interdisciplinary” - aggression is a broader concept in content than violence (when aggression is considered as a biological phenomenon, and violence is a socially conditioned manifestation of aggression). The second approach, “legal”, considers violence as a broader concept compared to aggression (every manifestation of aggression is violence, but not every violence is an act of aggression). Attention is also paid to the analysis of the concepts of aggressive war and hybrid war as a hidden form of aggression. The problem of information violence as a type of mental violence is recognized as a promising direction of scientific research in the context of long-term armed aggression. Russian military aggression is the result, among other things, of the systematic information and propaganda activities of the criminal Russian authorities. The emergence of such a concept as “collective Putin” in relation to Russian society as a whole is recognized as natural.

Key words: physical violence, mental violence, aggression, influence, intimidation, crimes against humanity, Rome Statute, war, forced displacement, enforced disappearance, propaganda, information violence, genocide, criminal liability, anticriminal policy.

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