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  5. International Legal Principles of Compensation for Military Expenses and Losses to Ukraine

“Pravova derzhava”. Issue 36 (2025), pages 653–663.

DOI: 10.33663/0869-2491-2025-36-653-663

Filippov Artem
International Legal Principles of Compensation for Military Expenses and Losses to Ukraine

Introduction. The article analyzes the international legal framework for compensating Ukraine for military losses and expenses caused by unprovoked russian aggression. The author argues that this issue is insufficiently studied in legal science.

The aim of the article is to theoretically summarize the international legal framework for compensation to Ukraine for military losses and expenses caused by the aggression of the russian federation based on their critical analysis. 

Results. The theoretical and methodological basis of this study is based on general scientific and special methods of cognition: induction, deduction, synthesis, analysis, comparison, systematic approach, content analysis method, special legal method, etc.

The author substantiates the legitimacy and necessity (for reasons of justice and prevention of repetition of aggression) of recovering from the russian federation the military losses and expenses of Ukraine in full, since russian aggression is the most serious international crime, combined with genocide and war crimes committed intentionally, with full awareness of all irreparable consequences of the act by the aggressor.

The author believes that we should not expect high efficiency from international legal mechanisms of compensation for military losses and expenses caused by the armed aggression of the russian federation, as they are still in the process of formation. However, some features of these future mechanisms can already be observed: they are based on general principles of law, jus cogens norms (in particular, the provisions of the UN Charter), the 1975 Helsinki Act, resolutions of the UN General Assembly and the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, acts of other international organizations and institutions (OSCE, EU, International Court of Justice, International Criminal Court, ECHR, etc.) The key feature of these mechanisms that affects the result is the inability to effectively involve the UN Security Council, which paralyzes most efforts and initiatives within this organization and makes the mechanism of the International Court of Justice ineffective.

Conclusions. Therefore, in the author’s opinion, the most effective model for compensation of military losses and costs caused by the armed aggression of the russian federation is the model of multilateral transfer of frozen assets of the russian federation as part of countermeasures. However, the author notes that all existing models of compensation for military losses and expenses caused by the armed aggression of the russian federation depend not only on legal but also on political decisions.

Key words: reparations, compensation, damage, losses, military losses and expenses as a result of hostilities, armed aggression of the russian federation.

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