“Pravova derzhava”. Issue 37 (2026), pages 133–143.

DOI: 10.33663/0869-2491-2026-37-133-143

Ryndiuk Vira
Acts of law implementation as result of the manifestation of will by legal subjects: theoretical aspect

ISSN online: 2617-9776 print: 0869-2491

Introduction. The article is devoted to a comprehensive theoretical study of the acts of law implementation, which by their nature are lawful volitional acts of legal subjects. Acts of law implementation serve as a key link in the mechanism of transforming abstract legal norms into the actual rights and obligations of legal subjects. The relevance of the study is driven by the rapid pace of scientific and technological progress and the digitalization of social relations, which necessitates a rethinking of traditional approaches to understanding legal behavior as an external expression of the will (manifestation of will) of legal subjects in the process of law realization. 

The aim of the article. The purpose of the article is to refine the categorical apparatus concerning the acts of law implementation, specifically their definition, forms, and types at a general theoretical level.

Results. It is substantiated that acts of law implementation, as an external expression of the will (manifestation of will) of legal subjects regarding the realization of their rights and obligations, can take two forms: the oral form of “acts-actions” and the written form of “acts-documents.” At the same time, in the modern context of the digitalization of social relations, the methods of external manifestation of will by legal subjects are undergoing corresponding changes. Thus, the methods of external manifestation of will in oral acts of law implementation include the performance of conclusive actions (actions, inaction, voice, gestures), while the methods of external manifestation of will in written acts of law implementation include paper or electronic documents (individual legal acts and individual legal contracts). Significant attention in the article is devoted to the oral form of acts-deeds and conclusive actions as a means of expression of will. Modern methods of expressing will in the digital age, which clearly indicate a subject’s intent to enter into legal relations, are analyzed. In the context of written acts-documents, the features of individual legal acts and individual legal contracts are examined. 

Conclusions. It is concluded that today the issue of acts of law implementation requires rethinking at a general theoretical level, particularly in the context of the rapid digitalization of social relations. Acts of law implementation are quite diverse, covering all branches of law, and remain a subject for further scientific research aimed at developing a unified and harmonized understanding of them.

Keywords: law implementation, acts of law implementation, oral (behavioral) acts of law implementation (acts-actions), written (paper and electronic) acts of law implementation (acts-documents), methods of manifestation of will, conclusive actions, individual legal act, individual legal contract. 

References 

1. Zahalna teoriia prava. Normatyvnyi kurs: pidruch. dlia stud.-yurystiv / za red. d-ra yuryd. nauk, prof. S. V. Bobrovnyk. Kyiv: YurinkomInter, 2021. S. 344, 351 (in Ukr.).

 2. Buts O. V. Poniattia ta osnovni oznaky pravozastosovnykh aktiv. Derzhava ta rehiony. Seriia: Pravo. 2016. № 1 (51). S. 6 (in Ukr.). 

3. Rossikhina H. V. Naukovo-teoretychne obgruntuvannia zmistu finansovo-pravovoho rehuliuvannia. Visnyk Kharkivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu imeni V. N. Karazina. Seriia «Pravo». 2017. Vypusk 23. S. 80 (in Ukr.). 

4. Teoriia derzhavy i prava: navch. posib. / O. O. Tykhomyrov ta in.; za zah. red. L. M. Strelbytskoi. Kyiv: Kondor-Vydavnytstvo, 2016. S. 159–160 (in Ukr.). 

5. KostrubaA.V. Akty realizatsii yurydychnykh prav i oboviazkiv yak element mekhanizmu pravovoho rehuliuvannia. Teoriia i praktyka zastosuvannia chynnoho vitchyznianoho ta mizhnarodnoho zakonodavstva v suchasnykh umovakh: materialy Mizhnar. nauk.-prakt. konf. (Odesa, 12–13 liut. 2011 r.). Odesa: HO «Prychornomorska fundatsiia prava», 2011. Ch. 1. S. 28–29 (in Ukr.).

 6. Kravchuk O. O. Akty realizatsii prav ta oboviazkiv u sferi upravlinnia derzhavnoiu vlasnistiu. Visnyk NTUU «KPI». Politolohiia. Sotsiolohiia. Pravo. 2013. Vyp. 2 (18). S. 102 (in Ukr.). 

7. Velykyi tlumachnyi slovnyk suchasnoi ukrainskoi movy: 250000 / uklad. ta holov. red. V. T. Busel. Kyiv: Perun, 2005. S. 18, 314, 564, 1204 (in Ukr.). 

8. Multymediinyi navchalnyi posibnyk «Pravozastosuvannia». Tema 6. Vidminnist aktiv zastosuvannia norm prava vid inshykh pravovykh aktiv. Mezhi chynnosti normatyvnopravovykh aktiv. Natsionalna akademiia vnutrishnikh sprav. Kafedra teorii derzhavy ta prava. URL: https://arm.navs.edu.ua/books/enforcement/info/lec6.html/ (in Ukr.). 

9. Kotys V. Volia ta volevyiavlennia u tsyvilnomu pravi Ukrainy ta zarubizhnykh krain. Pravova systema Ukrainy v umovakh yevropeiskoi intehratsii: pohliad studentskoi molodi: tezy dop. IV Mizhnar. stud. nauk. konf. (m. Ternopil, 15 trav. 2020 r.). Ternopil, 2020. S. 175–176. 

10. Savchenko V. O. Pravova pryroda konkliudentnykh dohovoriv. Visnyk Kharkivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu imeni V. N. Karazina. Seriia «Pravo». 2022. Vyp. 34. S. 99–101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26565/2075-1834-2022-34-11 (in Ukr.). 

11. Konkliudentni dii. Yurydychna entsyklopediia: u 6 t.]/ vidp. red. Yu. S. Shemshuchenko. Kyiv: Ukr. entsykl. im. M. P. Bazhana, 2001. T. 3: K–M. 792 s. URL: https://leksika.com.ua/19141218/legal/konklyudentni_diyi (in Ukr.). 

12. Bohutskyi V. V., Hryhorenko Ye. I. Osoblyvosti konkliudentnykh ta usnykh pravovykh aktiv viiskovoho upravlinnia pravozastosovnoi spriamovanosti ta yikh rol u realizatsii potochnykh zadach sektoru bezpeky i oborony Ukrainy. Yurydychnyi naukovyi elektronnyi zhurnal. 2022. № 12. S. 259. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32782/2524-0374/2022-12/59 (in Ukr.). 

13. Hiliaka O. S. Yurydychnyi dokument: poniattia, osoblyvosti, vydy: avtoref. dys. ... kand. yuryd. nauk: 12.00.01 / Natsionalnyi yurydychnyi universytet imeni Yaroslava Mudroho. Kharkiv, 2017. S. 7. URL: https://dspace.nlu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/15366 (in Ukr.).

 14. HryshchukA. B. Yurydychnyi dokument: poniattia, osoblyvosti, vydy. Naukovyi visnyk Uzhhorodskoho Natsionalnoho Universytetu. Seriia: Pravo. 2025. Vypusk 91. Chastyna 3. S. 37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2025.91.3.5 (in Ukr.). 

15. Mukhin V. V. Indyvidualnyi pravovyi akt: poniattia ta mistse v systemi prava. Naukovyi visnyk Khersonskoho derzhavnoho universytetu. Seriia: Yurydychni nauky. 2018. Vypusk 3. Tom 1. S. 34, 36 (in Ukr.). 

16. Roi O.V. Stanovlennia poniattia «indyvidualnyi akt» u zakonodavstvi: istoriia ta suchasnist. Naukovyi visnyk Uzhhorodskoho Natsionalnoho Universytetu. 2024. Seriia: Pravo. Vypusk 85. Chastyna 3. S. 97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.85.3.14 (in Ukr.). 

17. Parkhomenko N. M. Dohovir u systemi prava Ukrainy: dys. kandydata yuryd. nauk: 12.00.01 / NAN Ukrainy; In-t derzhavy i prava im. V. M. Koretskoho. Kyiv, 1998. S. 14–16 (in Ukr.). 

18. Sheludiakov R. S., Biloshenko O. Iu., Chabanenko Yu. S. Indyvidualno-pravovyi dohovir yak forma pravovoho kompromisu. Derzhava ta rehiony. Seriia: Pravo. 2021. № 1 (71). S. 44–45 (in Ukr.).

Дата першого надходження рукопису до видання: 01.01.2026
Дата прийнятого до друку рукопису після рецензування: 03.03.2026
Дата публікації: 24.03.2026